青铜器文化在世界各地区都有发展，这是因为青铜作为工具和器皿的原料有其优越性：首先，自然界存在着天然的纯铜块(即红铜)，因此铜也是人类最早认识的金属之一。但红铜的硬度低，不适于制作生产工具，所以，在生产中发挥的作用不大。后来，人们又发现了锡矿石，并学会了提炼锡，在此基础上人们认识到添加了锡的铜即青铜，比纯铜的硬度大。经过测定红铜的硬度为布林氏硬计的35度，加锡5%，其硬度就提高为68度;加锡10%，即提高为88度。而且经锤炼后，硬度可进一步提高。
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